Argumentação e aspectos retóricos de representações discursivas na denúncia contra Renan Calheiros, Aníbal Gomes e Paulo Twiaschor: o caso Serveng

Abstract

In this doctoral thesis, we investigate the composition and effects of meaning in the observable rhetorical and argumentative resources in discursive representations of the indictment against Renan Calheiros, Aníbal Gomes and Paulo Twiaschor — the so called SERVENG Case. To guide our research, we sought to answer how discursive representations — images of the speaker, of the co-speaker and of the concerned subjects — contribute to the persuasive effectiveness of the argumentation, to the manner with which proofs from logos, ethos and pathos are constructed towards an effective argumentation, and to how linguistic and discursive choices are used by the speaker to construct discursive representations and logical, ethical and pathetical proofs. Our theoretical filiation follows the constructs of Textual Discourse Analysis — ATD, from Adam (2011), with further contributions from Rodrigues, Silva Neto and Passeggi (2010). Concerning the study of argumentation, we are supported by Aristotle (1969 [384-322 a. C.]), Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), Plantin (2008), Koch (2009, 2011), Pinto (2010) and Fiorin (2014, 2015). Concerning studies on logos, ethos and pathos, more specifically, we are supported by works from Maingueneau (2008, 2014), Amossy (2014, 2018) and Adam (2014). Methodologically, we adopt the deductive and inductive methods, as we start from general knowledges (theories and theoretical categories) to particular cases. Following the analysis, by induction, we list particular knowledges that make room for possibilities towards certain generalizations. Regarding the nature of the sources, we classify this research as bibliographical and documental, while having, in terms of objectives, the denomination of a descriptive and explicative study, with a qualitative approach to the researched material. The corpus of this research refers to the indictment in the SERVENG Case, which charges with crimes against the public administration, presented in 2016 to Minister Teori Zavascki. Results reveal that the adopted text plan has played a fundamental role in the persuasive-argumentative goal of the speaker, both in the organization and in the presentation of arguments, serving as a type of mass memory, including from the agent that irradiated and received information that helped in the establishment of the discursive representations, image projection and elaboration of logical, ethical and pathetical proofs. It has also been possible to make it clear, following the results, that the poles of the logos, ethos and pathos are more complementary than competitive, and that, in several argumentative moves, these poles have criss-crossed each other in the construction and maintenance of certain argumentative and interpretative schemes, with the creation of negative semantic fields that refer to actions and discursive representations of the three indicted individuals.