Uso de inibidores de ciclina no melanoma e seu impacto na sobrevida: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer due to its high probability of causing metastasis and is the main cause of death from skin cancer. However, the current standard treatment appears to be effective at first, but over time the patient ends up acquiring resistance and thus the progression-free rate is not very high. Thus, studies show that up to 90% of melanoma patients have genetic mutations that affect various parts of the CDK4/6 pathway, making cyclin inhibitors a potentially promising treatment in the treatment of melanoma. Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review, synthesizing research results regarding new possibilities for treating malignant melanoma with the use of cyclin inhibitors and analyzing their impact on patient survival. Methodology: Systematic literature review with studies published in the last 5 years, conducted in accordance with PRISMA and the guiding question was prepared based on the PICO methodology. To select the articles, a search was carried out in 4 databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Periódicos CAPES. Results: 585 articles were found, of which, after using the PRISMA guideline, 5 articles remained for the systematic review, which addressed the use of cyclin inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma and their impact on patient survival. It was possible to observe that the use of a cyclin inhibitor concomitantly with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors obtained a very promising response, inducing cell death or leading to senescence, becoming more effective than the current standard treatment with BRAF + MEK inhibitors. Conclusion: Cyclin inhibitors are an innovative therapy that has revolutionized cancer treatment, and their application in melanoma is very promising, as they have managed to achieve sustained tumor regression and overcome acquired resistance.