Complicações após a retirada do introdutor vascular em intervenções coronárias percutâneas: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: The complex nature of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) requires clinical reasoning from professionals to promptly recognize and intervene in potential complications associated with endovascular procedures. Objective: to map the scientific evidence on complications after removal of the vascular sheath in percutaneous coronary interventions. Methodology: scoping review, carried out in July 2023, on 9 national and international data sources. The recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute were followed. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria in search of complications associated with vascular sheath removal. 22 studies were selected to compose the sample, without time frame or language restrictions. Results: the main complications identified were hematomas, pseudoaneurysms, retroperitoneal hematoma, pain, bleeding, arteriovenous fistulas and vasovagal syncope. The main predictive factors consist of age >70 years, female sex, diabetics, access route, elective or emergency PCI, presence of chronic comorbidities and the caliber of the introducer. Final considerations: The predictive factors for complications, identified in current literature, provide valuable support for health professionals in the development of prophylactic criteria and systematization of care, with a view to preventing and controlling the incidence of complications.