Construção da caderneta de saúde para pessoas submetidas ao transplante renal

Abstract

Transplantation is considered the gold standard of renal replacement therapy for the treatment of end-stage chronic kidney disease. In the context of chronic non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for about 70% of all deaths in the world, chronic kidney disease stands out as a serious public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality. Adherence to therapeutic practices is a fundamental condition for the success of kidney transplantation, and health education is a fundamental factor in this process. The objective of this research was to build a health booklet for people undergoing kidney transplantation. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with a methodological approach of convergent care research, a method that allows the convergence between research and care practice at the same time. The study setting was the kidney transplant clinic of a university hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Participated in the research 15 individuals who are monitored at the institution. The research was carried out through face-to-face interviews with patients, after signing the free and informed consent form. This moment followed a script, an instrument created by the researcher, composed of sociodemographic-cultural characterization and open questions for semistructured interviews. Ethical aspects were considered, according to Resolution No. 466/2012- CNS. Data processing was carried out with the support of programs such as the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ) and the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The results obtained showed four classes, composed of words that demonstrated the positive character related to the performance of kidney transplantation, negative feelings related to dialysis therapies, the importance of health professionals, especially nurses, nutritionists and doctors, in care guidelines and the difficulties faced after transplantation. The difficulties reported by the participants were mainly those related to the correct use of immunosuppressants and the adoption of a healthy diet, with reduced sugar, salt and fat, among others. Based on these surveys, the kidney transplant health booklet was created, consisting mainly of post-transplant care guidelines and a place to record outpatient follow-up information. It is considered that other studies on health education for people undergoing kidney transplantation, such as the validation of the booklet, should be carried out, since the success of kidney transplantation depends above all on the patient's adherence to the proposed therapy. In this sense, studying the main difficulties faced by patients and what strategies can be launched so that the individual assumes a participatory posture in self-care makes all the difference to improve the life of the individual undergoing kidney transplantation.