Análise espacial e tendência temporal dos casos notificados de sífilis congênita no Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Congenital syphilis is a multiple system infection, caused by Treponema pallidum and transmitted to the fetus via the placenta, at any time during pregnancy. The State of Rio Grande do Norte has rates above the national average (12.5 cases / 1,000 live births). The general objective of the research was to analyze the spatial distribution of notified cases of congenital syphilis and its temporal trend in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. This is an ecological study, with secondary data for the period from 2008 to 2018, with the population reported cases of congenital syphilis. For this purpose, data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System and in the Live Births Information System were used. In the analysis of the data, the maps of the eight health regions of Rio Grande do Norte from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were extracted and the local and global Moran was performed using QGIS software version 2.18, being smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method that resulted in the thematic maps . After calculating the incidences, which were standardized per 1,000 inhabitants, it was possible to perform an analysis of the temporal trend using the Jointpoint model. The study obtained a favorable opinion from the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under Opinion No. 3,775,828 and CAAE No. 25687519.4.0000.5537. The results of this study show that 88% of children were diagnosed during prenatal care or childbirth / curettage, even with 76% of them being considered asymptomatic. On the other hand, the treponemic test was not performed in 81% of them. As for the treatment performed by the mothers, 70% was considered incomplete or inadequate. Moving averages showed a tendency to increase congenital syphilis in the 7th and 3rd health regions. Regarding the temporal analysis, this investigation showed a spatial cluster in the 3rd, 5th and 7th health regions, with an increased risk for congenital syphilis up to 2.65 times. Finally, the temporal trend showed a continuous growth curve across the state. It is concluded that there is a sensitive weakness regarding prenatal care, given the growing incidence in the State with an expectation of increase in the next five years. Finally, we emphasize the importance of implementing strategic and priority actions, as well as expanding the commitment to new partnerships, with a focus on reducing the transmission of congenital syphilis.