Desenvolvimento de módulo educacional para capacitação de enfermeiros para formação de paciente experto com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica

Abstract

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are defined as the technological resources that, when integrated, enable communication in various scenarios, covering teaching and learning. Health professionals should seek a new model of care, which they implement in their practices to seek self-management for patients with chronic diseases, with the aim of developing a culture of self-management, empowering patients and their families/caregivers. Studies prove that such measures bring benefits to the health and wellbeing of the patient, in addition to reducing the economic impact due to the increase in people with chronic diseases. In this regard, the proposal for health education is presented as a vehicle for transforming practices and behaviors, with the aim of developing user autonomy in addition to improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to develop an educational module based on the Theory of Nursing Systems to train nurses in the training of Expert Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. This is a study of the methodological type with a quantitative approach, carried out in the year 2022, systematized according to the framework of Pasquali's Psychometry, consisting of three specific stages, carried out through the procedures: theoretical, for which the identification of items for to compose the content of the educational module according to the guidelines of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association (ALS Association), associated with the findings of a Scoping Review; empirical procedures by which the construction of the educational module script was carried out for the content validation stage by judges, which had the participation of 48 judges according to previously established criteria; and analytical procedures, aimed at data analysis through the Content Validity Index. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, under Certificate of Ethical Appreciation nº 5.621.415, CAAE: 60610922.6.0000.5537. The studies from the Scoping Review showed that, despite the rapid progression of the disease and its incapacitation, patients feel the need to have more autonomy and participate in decisionmaking. Thus, based on the identification of the items for the preparation of the scripts, the educational module was entitled “The management of nursing care for the patient with ALS”, with two units, being addressed in unit one, the essential concepts of ALS and the Expert Patient, and in unit two, the management of qualified and humanized care, referring to physical, respiratory, nutritional, communication and psychological support to patients with ALS. The scripts were submitted to the judges for content validation. When statistically analyzed, the CVI of the scripts reached an index greater than 80%, with a total CVI of 95.5%, being in accordance with the method used. It was established that the content of the educational module was considered valid in its entirety. It is expected that the educational module “Management of nursing care for patients with ALS” offers subsidies for the construction of knowledge for nursing care that aims to encourage the practice of self-care and self-management for patients with ALS in order to develop Expert Patient.