Análise das ilhas de calor urbanas de superfície na cidade de Salvador-BA

Abstract

The Urban Heat Island phenomenon occurs mainly in cities with a high degree of urbanization, and is directly related to the accelerated and disorganized urban growth resulting from the occupation and transformation of the natural environment without any adequate planning. In this context, this work was carried out with the objective of analyzing and identifying the phenomenon of surface heat islands in the urban areas of the city of Salvador-BA, from the digital images generated by the operational sensor Land Imager–OLI and Thermal Infrared Sensor–TIRS a on board the Landsat8 satellite for selected dates in the period from 2013 to 2022. Thus, from the processing of the images, maps of surface temperature and NDVI were generated for the city of Salvador, and six neighborhoods were selected for analysis of surface heat islands : Cassange (rural reference); Center; Business; Grande do Retiro Farm; Platform and New Brasilia. Therefore, the results showed an inverse pattern of the NDVI with respect to surface temperature. The heat islands were more intense in neighborhoods formed by areas of greater urban density and population density, with little or no presence of green areas. It is concluded that the areas with vegetation cover low temperatures are observed due to the shading produced by the trees. This demonstrates how these urban areas are the most affected by the intensification of the heat island phenomenon, while at the same time confirming the significant role of green areas in urban centers.