Assistência de Enfermagem aos pacientes pediátricos com doença de Crohn: o cuidado em saúde à luz da teoria de Jean Watson

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a generic term used to describe a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the intestine. Crohn's disease is a chronic transmural inflammation throughout the intestinal segment, where there are affected regions interspersed with healthy areas. Children, in general, present more severe and extensive initial symptoms of the disease, such as: attacks of diarrhea, fever and recurrent abdominal pain. Furthermore, at this time the child is exposed to situations of stress and fear, and it is important to approach them in a way that takes into account their emotional and subjective aspects, in order to achieve transpersonality, as explained in Jean Watson's theory. Objective: to identify the main nursing care for children with Crohn's disease in the hospital environment. Method: the study is an integrative review of the literature. The search was carried out between November 2023 and March 2024, in the following data sources: SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, Elsevier’s SCOPUS, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: literature published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available in Open Access format, with a time frame of studies produced over the ten years. Exclusion criteria: articles that did not answer the guiding question, abstracts, letters to the editor, books, book chapters and ministerial documents. Results: eight studies were selected that addressed the following nursing care: providing guidance to patients and family members on promoting care and preventing complications, assisting children in the physical management of signs and symptoms, advising on diet, assisting in pain management, administer medications, check weight loss, observe signs of dehydration and support family members and patients in their psychological, physical, social, cultural and spiritual context. Conclusion: Based on Jean Watson's Theory, nurses must use playful, dialogic, creative, loving and transpersonal practices when caring for children with Crohn's disease. Nursing care: guidance given to parents and children about the disease; signs and symptoms; diet; physical exam; medication administration; check weight loss; observe signs of dehydration in addition to providing psychological, physical, social, cultural and spiritual support