As fontes renováveis como inovação e instrumento de Diversificação da Matriz Elétrica: O caso da geração de energia solar fotovoltaica no país

Abstract

Starting from a discussion on climate change and the effects of human action on the environment, this work brings an analysis of the world scenario of photovoltaic solar energy, its expansion in countries that stand out in the world in terms of installed capacity, and in Brazil, as a way of discussing its influence in relation to the generation of electricity by this type of source. To achieve this objective, a bibliographical review on the subject and official documents were used for research purposes and data collection and information on the photovoltaic solar energy generation sector and the sectoral issues that involve it. Initially, the importance of technological innovations in combating climate change through the energy transition in favor of greater representation of renewable energy sources in the global and Brazilian electrical matrix was discussed. Then, the study focused on the technical aspects, evolution of the installed capacity of photovoltaic solar energy in the world, sectoral dynamics, costs and investments. Through the discussion on the generation of electricity by this type of source in the country, we sought to present some information on the importance of photovoltaic solar energy as an innovative renewable source and a means of diversifying the national electrical matrix, highlighting, briefly, , the evolution of this source in the electricity generation capacity in the centralized system and in distributed generation and in auctions. In the latter, the idea was to show the competitive capacity of photovoltaic solar energy compared to other sources that were jointly marketed in the events held, until 2022, which made it possible to highlight the importance of this source as a possibility of investment in spaces that have production capacity, both due to the abundance of the natural resource – sun – for the purpose of generating electricity, as a result of the specific policies for attracting investment in the sector, either in the centralized system through auctions for contracting this source in the regulated environment, or in the decentralized system, highlighting the distributed generation