Análise das percepções e do planejamento das finanças pessoais para a aposentadoria de residentes do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Population aging, intensified by increased life expectancy and falling fertility rates in Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Norte, has increased the challenges faced by the social security system. Constitutional Amendment No. 103/2019 made retirement rules more rigorous, placing greater responsibility on the individual. The general objective of this study was to analyze the planning and perceptions of residents of Rio Grande do Norte regarding personal finances related to retirement. The specific objectives included identifying the forms of planning adopted, examining individual perceptions about social security, analyzing relevant financial strategies, and verifying relationships between planning and sociodemographic factors, as well as social security perception. The research adopted a quantitative, descriptive approach, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire, with a sample of 79 respondents, and the data were treated through descriptive analysis, complemented by the chi-square test, with the support of Microsoft Excel. The results reveal that, although there is awareness of the importance of retirement and financial planning, few take practical steps in this regard. The main obstacles are lack of knowledge about finances, difficulty in saving, and the absence of long-term strategies. The statistical analysis indicated a significant association only between education and planning, highlighting the role of education in the adoption of future-oriented financial practices. It is important to emphasize that this personal planning should be understood as a complement to social security, and not as a replacement for this constitutionally guaranteed right. It is concluded that, despite awareness of the topic, important limitations still persist regarding its effective practice among participants.