Osteomielites dos maxilares: estudo clinicopatológico

Abstract

Osteomyelitis is defined as an inflammatory state of the bone and its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, including trauma, systemic diseases and odontogenic infections. Therefore, this research aimed to realize retrospective and comparative analyses of the types of osteomyelitis and their evaluations. Clinical and pathological characteristics of jaws’ osteomyelitis cases diagnosed in the Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry of the UFRN, from January 1970 to December 2021, were retrieved. The sample consisted of 75 cases, with 9 cases of acute osteomyelitis, 3 of primary chronic osteomyelitis and 63 cases of secondary chronic osteomyelitis. A collection of clinical data was carried out, from which information about demographic data, drinking and smoking habits, disability resources and treatments used were collected. Radiographic analysis of location considered bone loss, dimension, pat fracture, bone sequencing, reactional, and size. The morphological study evaluated osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bacterial colonies, necrotic bone and granulation tissue. For statistical analysis, Fisher Exact Test and Chi-square teste were performed. In this study, osteomyelitis had a predilection for females (n=67; 89.3%). The average age was 42,68 years, with an amplitude between 3 and 85 years old and most patients self-reported as white (n=37; 49.3%). As for the types of osteomyelitis, secondary chronic osteomyelitis was predominant (n = 63; 84%), followed by acute osteomyelitis (n = 9, 12%) and primary chronic osteomyelitis (n = 3; 4%). Regarding the anatomical location, the mandible was predominant (n=70, 93.3%). As for the causes, odontogenic infection was more prevalent (n=41; 54.7%). The inflammatory process was present in all cases (n=75; 100%). Regarding neutrophils, absent in most cases (n=51;68%) and discreetly present in 24% (n=18). In view of the results obtained, we conclude that osteomyelitis is more common in females with a mean age of 42.68 years, with the most common type being secondary chronic osteomyelitis, originating from a common dental infection in the mandible. The association between the type of osteomyelitis and the presence or absence of bacterial colonies was significantly significant. The same did not happen with other associations disclosed in this research.