Avaliação de atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroetanólicos de plantas da caatinga e otimização de metodologia analítica e de extração de folhas de mimosa tenuiflora (wild.)

Abstract

This study optimized the extraction process of metabolites from Mimosa tenuiflora leaves, a plant with medicinal potential and used in reforestation. To achieve this, the Box-Behnken Design model was employed. The extraction method was optimized considering time, ethanol percentage, and plant mass per solvent volume. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of M. tenuiflora and fifteen other species used for reforestation in the Caatinga was evaluated. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated significance in the results of mass/volume ratio, with this factor being the determinant in the optimization study. The confirmation point (45 minutes, 80% ethanol, 20 mg/mL) was evaluated, demonstrating the model's significance. The results highlight the importance of solvent selection, such as ethanol, due to its low toxicity and sustainability. Microbiological assays revealed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria only for Cenostigma bracteosum. Although M. tenuiflora did not show activity, its potential for future studies is emphasized, considering biological activities described in the literature. This work contributes to the valorization and sustainable use of plants in the Brazilian semi-arid region, promoting reforestation and exploring their medicinal potential.