Intertextualidade e heterogeneidade discursiva: análise das crônicas pandêmicas do Saiba Mais em 2020

Abstract

Considered by the UN the worst global crisis since World War II, the covid-19 pandemic caused 700,000 deaths in Brazil and established new social etiquette habits, such as the use of masks and home confinement. The impact of the health crisis, on the public and private axes of life in society, was on the agenda in the media of Rio Grande do Norte. In search of the effects of meaning and discursivization of the pandemic, this qualitative research analyzes the discourse in 11 journalistic chronicles on the pandemic, published on the Agência Saiba Mais website, in the first half of 2020. The concept of journalistic chronicle proposed by Rey (2007) was chosen. In the analyses, the texts are positioned on the border between opinative and informative genres (Melo, 1994; Beltrão, 1980; Chaparro, 2008) and at the intersection between journalism and literature (Pena, 2006; Sá, 2005; Moisés, 1986), given the fruition of the genre. The “de-superficialization” of textual materiality and representation of reality by the subject-chronicler is based on the interface between journalism, literature, Discourse Analysis (AD) of Franco-Brazilian line (Orlandi, 2012, 1987) and Textual Linguistics (LT), which points to the interdisciplinary perspective of research. The social construction of reality by journalists was investigated based on what appears in texts (said and not said), the social place of who speak, the “conditions of production” and the correlation between chronic and other sayings, under the lens of interdiscursivity (Pêcheux, 1971, 1990, 1995, 2015), intertextuality (Kristeva, 1968, 1969, 2005; Koch, Bentes & Cavalcante, 2008) and enunciative heterogeneity (Authier-Revuz, 1990, 1998, 2004, 2008, 2011). Regarding the interdiscursivity/intertextuality consortium, it was proved that the “discursive memory” enabled the symbolization of the pandemic by journalists, which occurred by musical, behavioral, literary, political-economic, legal, scientific/sanitary, journalistic, religious, historical, communist, mythological and military speeches/intertexts. Regarding intertextuality, in particular, the analyses focused on explicit, implicit and thematic modalities. On the enunciative heterogeneity, stereotypes, metaphors, ironies, reminiscences, resignification of words, allusions and regional speeches predominated. It was possible to conclude that the effects of meaning derive from the semic network installed, in the journalistic chronicles, by interdiscursivity, enunciative heterogeneity and intertextuality. These are strategies that allowed the press professional to structure his speech, inform, opine and expand the network of references with the reader, in order to address the message and ensure the emancipation/adhesion of the reader, in a context of worsening in community life.