Tratamento de superfície em implantes dentais: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Titanium and its alloys are widely used metallic biomaterials in medical and dental applications for patient rehabilitation, although they do not form chemical bond with the surrounding bone. The predictability of titanium implants has been variable in different patients and in different areas of the same mouth. Relevant to the functionality of the implantable device, such as the adsorption of proteins, cell-surface interactions and cell growth and tissue on the interface between the body and the biomaterial, processes are affected by the surface properties of the implant. Therefore techniques providing the bioactivity on the surface of these metals are desirable. The modifications to the design of the body and the surface of the implant has been suggested to increase the success in less dense bone by means of the hypothetical gain a better anchorage and a greater surface area to distribute the occlusal loads. This paper aims at analyzing through systematic review, the different methods of surface treatments to dental implants. The following databases were used: Lilacs, Medline, Science direct, Scielo e Pubmed for the past 15 years. The literature shows that implants with rough surface have a higher bone-implant contact area and better biomechanical characteristics. Implants most used in surface analysis research were the commercially pure titanium.