Prevalência e fatores associados à discriminação racial percebida nos serviços de saúde do Brasil

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of race/color discrimination practiced by healthcare providers in Brazil and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS). The dependent variable was elaborated from the answer to question X25 - Have you ever felt discriminated against or treated worse than other people in the health service? The independent variables used in the study were: region of residence in the country, domicile situation, skin color, sex, age group, living with spouse, occupation, education, social class criterion in Brazil, smoking, alcoholism, presence of multimorbidity, self-rated health and use of a private medical or dental health plan. These factors were analyzed through the Prevalence Ratios (PR), with Poisson Regression multivariate analysis (95% CI), using the Wald test for robust estimation. Results: The prevalence of race/color discrimination was 1.45%% (n = 6055), associated with being black (PR 3.74 95% CI 2.89-4.85), aged 25-39 years (PR 1.89 95% CI 1.21-2.55), being a smoker (PR 1.55 95% CI 1.17-2.09), having four morbidities (PR 2.54 95% CI 1.62-3 99), evaluate their health as poor or very poor (PR 1.76 95% CI 1.25-2.48), be a public health service user (PR 1.33 95% CI 1.02-1.73 ), and reside in the urban area of the country (PR 1.48 95% CI 1.10-1.98). Conclusion: It was possible to identify that the discrimination by race/color practiced by healthcare providers in Brazil has low prevalence, which may be related to the cultural, social and legal constructions and sanctions involved in this phenomenon