Efeitos de sessões de psicomotricidade relacional sobre o perfil das habilidades motoras e controle postural em indivíduo com transtorno do espectro autista

Abstract

The Autism Spectrum Disorder is a behavior and neurodevelopment disorder which characterized by trouble in the interaction and social communication, and subject's repetitive behaviors, which may be associated with others disorders with multiple causes. Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder have irregular human development and deficit in motor development. Relational Psychomotricity (RP) is a pedagogical practice, dedicated to spontaneous body movement and play using the imaginary and the symbolic, the emotional and the affective, providing to child and adult different objects in which we can observe the interaction between them. PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of Relational Psychomotricity sessions on motor skills profile and postural control in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. METODOLOGY: This is a descriptive exploratory research, with design of an evaluative case study. Was accompanied a 5 years individual diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. To collect pre and post-test data were used the Motor Development Scale (MDS) and Posturography in force platform; were applied 8 sessions of Relational Psychomotricity with child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with one session per week lasting 60 minutes each session, recorded through report observed by teachers who worked in the session. Subsequently, the individual was reassessed. The results were analyzed descriptively (pre and post), with the MDS by its scale and the Posturography by the percentage change delta (Δ%). RESULTS: The Relational Psychomotricity sessions gave to the individual a corporal experience, which allowed a movement and interaction with teachers and with other children, changing the profile of motor skills and postural control, demonstrated by the positive results of MDS and decrease in postural sway. Advances were found in the MDS tests in the areas of fine motor skills, overall motor skills, body image and temporal organization, with no significant difference in the area of balance and showing decreased scores in the area of spatial organization. The total motor quotient (TMQ) was changed from much lower rating (TMQ: 61.5) to low normal (TMQ: 82.4), modifying the severe risk rating for slight risk in motor development. Posturography pointed decrease of scores in the oscillations of center of pressure in variables. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: From a spontaneous approach to the play, in which the individual is encouraged to enter into a movement and corporal experience, it was realized that the RP sessions had positive effects on the profile of motor skills and postural control of individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder evaluated in this study.