Liners utilizados em próteses para amputação transtibial e transfemoral: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

The liner works as an interface between the prosthesis socket and the user's residual limb, provides comfort, safety, pressure relief, high temperature control and can optimize the suspension system for transtibial and transfemoral prostheses. The objective of this scoping review is to identify, map and synthesize available evidence about the specific characteristics of commercial and prototype liners, such as: types of materials, types of coupled suspensions, manufacturing process, positive and negative effects. This review was structured according to the acronym PCC (Population, Concept and Context), searches were carried out in MEDLINE, IEEE, Web of Science databases, the search strategy based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Thirty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, 31 of which were aimed at the transtibial amputation level and 1 at the transfemoral level. The results suggest that most of the studies used commercial liners in their experiments, the majority being Iceross (Össur) liner models. The most investigated outcomes were pressure peaks and pistoning during the use of ramps, stairs or flat and uneven ground. Although there are many studies that discussed and performed tests for transtibial level liners, the vast majority of them used the same liners, causing little diversity and quality in the results. In addition, only one study investigated liner for the transfemoral level, making it difficult to summarize information for this category. It is concluded that there is still little availability of studies that can meet the demands for information and guidelines involving liners for the mentioned amputation levels, as well as assistance for the prescription of these devices.