Sifilis congênita: uma análise temporal dos casos no Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum, a Gram-negative spirochete. It is considered a serious public health problem and its elimination is still a challenge. Syphilis can be classified according to the mode of transmission, and can be considered acquired syphilis, when transmission occurs from person to person during sexual contact, or congenital syphilis, when hematogenous dissemination occurs to the fetus via transplacental route. Objective: To analyze the notified cases of congenital syphilis in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, between 2015 and 2021. Methods: This is a study with a quantitative, epidemiological and descriptive approach, characterized as an ecological study, carried out with secondary data. Analyzes were performed using RStudio software version 4.2.2 and Microsoft Excel 2019. Data were grouped by year and variables based on the achievement of proposed objectives and subsequently presented in tables and graphs. Results: The study was structured with the collection of cases notified in the different municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte between the years 2015 to 2021. 39 municipalities in the State of Rio Grande do Norte were notified, with 3185 of Congenital Syphilis between the years 2015 to 2021, with an average of 79.63±367.30 cases between the seven years. Conclusion: In view of the work presented, it is possible to conclude that the relationship between maternal and congenital syphilis is a serious health problem in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte, although a fluctuation in the quantification of registered cases was identified, indicating a possible relationship with the greater demand of care in the most severe moments of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors such as the effectiveness of health management with greater vigilance and demand for prenatal care.