Avaliação das taxas de sucesso e segurança das técnicas empregadas em tratamento de reprodução humana assistida

Abstract

The use of Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) techniques has been growing steadily in recent years, thanks to the popularization of family planning, increased knowledge about the possibilities of AHR treatments, and the growing body of research demonstrating the success of these procedures. Although considered safe, these techniques may present a percentage of failure resulting in miscarriages or congenital malformations, and these alterations constitute a vast field to be investigated, therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the health of the offspring obtained after carrying out Assisted Human Reproduction treatment at the Assisted Reproduction Center of the Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco, Natal-RN. After obtaining approval from the UFRN Research Ethics Committee, the medical records of patients who consented to provide access to their data regarding the care they received at the CRA were analyzed. Biometric and clinical data were collected, including body mass index (BMI), age, presence of conjugal infertility factors, the AHR technique used, type of embryonic transfer performed, and characteristics of oocytes and embryos. A total of 13 variables were obtained, which were investigated for the existence or not of an association with the appearance of twin pregnancies, miscarriages and/or congenital malformations, using the chi-square test or logistic regression. Among these variables, 12 did not show a significant association with twin pregnancy or miscarriage, which were: the type of contraception used; the BMI; maternal age; as well as the type of pregnancy obtained; number of previous abortions; the number of oocytes and embryos obtained; the AHR technique used; the type, presence and factor of infertility. On the other hand, the type of embryo transfer performed showed a significant association with the occurrence of miscarriages, with fresh transfers resulting in a higher number of abortions. Among the medical records included in the sample of this study, only one reported the occurrence of a congenital malformation. These data confirm the safety of AHR treatments in terms of minimizing the risk of disorders in the offspring.