Análise da precipitação no Semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte em períodos de chuvas abaixo da média

Abstract

The Brazilian semiarid region is a region with low rainfall, irregular rainfall, concentrated in a few months of the year, high potential evapotranspiration and with great demand for water. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the semi-arid region covers more than 90% of the state's area, with a population of approximately 2 million people. Starting from this context, this work aims to characterize the precipitation and water infrastructures of the Semi-Arid Region of Rio Grande do Norte. To achieve the objectives, the municipalities representative of the context (Apodi, Caicó, Pau dos Ferros and Santa Cruz) were selected, obtaining graphs of average monthly and annual derivation (1989 - 2018), application of the quantile technique, to establish the classes in each municipality, associating data on water infrastructures, discussing dam behavior and actions, in times of drought and, specifically for a normal class, seeking to analyze a symmetry, Pearson's second asymmetry coefficient was used, in addition to the kurtosis to check whether there is a concentration or dispersion of the values in relation to the measures of central tendency. In this sense, it was found that years with below average rainfall and periods with dry and very dry years are recurrent: 1997 - 1999 and 2012 - 2017, in which the reservoirs reach levels below 20%.