Bebidas probióticas de aveia enriquecidas com antocianinas de jambolão (Syzygium cumini): desenvolvimento, caracterização e efeitos da suplementação em um modelo animal com diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the bioactive properties, stability and microbial prediction during storage, as well as the bioactive effects in an animal model with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of oat-based probiotic beverages enriched with anthocyanins from jambolan (Syzygium cumini). Initially, a narrative review of the literature was carried out, searching for in vitro and in vivo studies, with the aim of presenting the functional properties of probiotics in plant matrices. The scientific results compiled in the review indicated evidence related to the benefits of probiotics in plant food matrices and their association with bioactive compounds, showing adjuvant potential for the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, liver disease, obesity and chronic and inflammatory diseases. In addition, probiotic beverages based on water-soluble oat extract were developed, containing grape pulp, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14, and enriched with 3% and 5% of the anthocyanin-rich extract of jambolan. Over 28 days of storage, probiotic observations above 9 Log CFU/mL were observed in all beverages, with higher prediction results in the formulations that used the anthocyanin extract (10.8–12.59 log CFU/mL), in addition to presenting predictions of 10 Log CFU/mL after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The antioxidant activity by scavenging ABTS radicals improved from 8.08 to 134.75 µmol Trolox/mL after storage, while αglucosidase inhibition increased from 16.24% to 52.37% with the addition of EA. The accessible sensory of the probiotic beverage enriched with 3% anthocyanin-rich jambolan extract was 67.7%. Finally, a beverage enriched with 3% of anthocyanin-rich jambolan extract was evaluated in the treatment of DM2 in an animal model, and the results indicated improvement in DM2 symptoms, such as reduction in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, diuresis, and water intake, in addition to promoting attenuation of pancreatic and intestinal damage and modulating the intestinal microbiota of animals, with increased production of short-chain fatty acids. These results indicate the bioactive potential of the developed beverages, which may be an option as a plant probiotic vehicle and adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.