Complicações relacionadas a cardiopatias durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal: revisão de escopo

Abstract

The study aims to identify the main complications related to heart diseases in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. It is a scoping review prepared according to the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies were selected through a search conducted between March and June 2024, from the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Foundation via the Federated Academic Community, and in the gray literature through access to databases. To systematize the scoping review and reduce research bias, the articles were read by two independent reviewers, and in case of uncertainties, a third reviewer's opinion was sought. The final sample comprised 32 studies, 30 (93.75%) of which were articles and 2 (6.25%) were theses and dissertations. Of these, 28 (87.5%) were published in English and 4 (12.5%) in Portuguese. Thirty (93.75%) had a quantitative approach and 2 (6.25%) a qualitative approach. The sample of patients varied from 1 to 1,289, with an average age ranging from 23.5±3.6 to 40.7 years, and since it is a study related to the pregnancy-puerperal period, it was composed entirely of females. Among the main complications cited in the studies were complex arrhythmias and other arrhythmias (18; 56.25%), pulmonary edema (5; 15.62%), and other adverse neonatal outcomes (4; 12.5%). Maternal mortality was cited in 10 papers (31.25%). The analyzed studies presented different incidences, highlighting the importance of further research to better understand and control these complications.