Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Panaeolus sensu lato (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) para o Norte e Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Panaeolus is a mushroom genus containing psychoactive species, worldwide distributed, commonly found in fields, pastures, gardens or in herbivore faeces. In Brazil, its species are little cited in the taxonomic literature, especially for the North and Northeast regions. This dissertation approaches the taxonomy of Panaeolus s.l. and more specifically reviews the identification of excicata from the fungal collections: INPA, JPB, UFACPZ, UFRNFUNGOS and URM. With this, we intend to obtain a descriptive knowledge on the species of the genus and explain their similarity and morphological differences through comparisons with the taxonomic system and the published descriptions of the types. Borrowed materials were described by means of slides observed under an optical microscope, made from freehand sections of dried basidiomes, rehydrated in 5% KOH solution and stained in Congo Red. It was possible to identify a total of eight species, being one proposed as a new species from material collected for Acre, northern region of the country. The new records identified here demonstrate that the genus may contain an endemic diversity in new and unexplored habitats, such as the Amazon region. The information generated aims to contribute to the taxonomy of the genus in Brazil, facilitating future phylogenetic systematics studies that integrate morphological and molecular data in order to resolve the controversies discussed.