Implementação de um protocolo operacional padrão para desmame e extubação programada em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Prolonged use of invasive mechanical ventilation in neonates can lead to secondary health complications. Therefore, it is crucial to establish standards for weaning and extubation, through protocols, in order to reduce the duration of ventilation, extubation failures, length of hospital stay and to train professionals involved in the process. Objective: To implement and evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the use of a standard operating protocol (SOP) for weaning and programmed extubation developed for the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Ana Bezerra University Hospital (HUAB) in Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: this is a quantitative-qualitative study of an experimental nature. The study followed the ethical and legal aspects of research involving human beings, obtaining approval from the Research Ethics Committee of UFRN/FACISA under No. 6,106,541, and was conducted between March and December 2023. The steps included training the multidisciplinary team for its application and the assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the use of the protocol. Professionals from the multidisciplinary team who are assigned to the NICU sector of HUAB participated in the research. Results: The results of the training demonstrated that the implementation of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) favored the adherence of professionals, due to its greater practicality and accessibility. However, some barriers were identified, such as the scarcity of clinical cases in the unit and the limitation of training meetings. As facilitators, the elaboration of the SOP by the multidisciplinary team and the involvement of the sector itself in the process stand out. Conclusion: the study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a SOP for weaning and extubation of newborns, with broad acceptance by the multidisciplinary team. The integrated approach and adaptation to local needs were essential for success. However, barriers such as work overload and low incidence of practical cases reinforce the importance of continuous training strategies and greater dissemination of the protocol