As capacidades estatais na gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos: uma análise da burocracia municipal de São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN à luz da implantação do Aeroporto Internacional Governador Aluízio Alves

Abstract

The decentralization of public policies after the Constitution of 1988 in Brazil was an inducer to next the citizens to government. However, the same time it generated a need for greater state capacity for the implementation of these policies in subnational entities, especially in the counties. In view of the most varied dimensions, it is also clear that the bureaucratic composition analysis is an important variable to diagnose the capacity of these government. Thus, the objective was defined to study the capacity to implement the policy of solid waste in São Gonçalo/RN, addressing the bureaucratic dimension of state capacities. Such that a set of methodological instruments was used with the application of semi-structured interviews with the municipal actors responsible for the policy; a survey with municipal managers and an analysis of secondary data from MUNIC/IBGE for analysis of the municipal bureaucratic apparatus, considering from Souza (2018) and Marenco (2017) the presence of higher education professionals as a proxy for professionalization and quality of bureaucracy. When analyzing the datas, using the National Solid Waste Policy as an object of study and as the background the installation of the Aluízio Alves Airport, which demanded greater responsibilities from the municipal government, it is clear that the increase in these state capacities, in its bureaucratic dimension, took place in a very accessible way between 2011 and 2018, when the number of statutory employees with higher education grew by more than 54%, even though the majority of bureaucratic training is still formed by employees with high school education. Looking more specifically to National Solid Waste Policy, what was found is that the high-ranking positions in the public agencies, responsible for implementing the policy, are occupied by professional bureaucrats with higher education, but there is a clear difference between the bureaucratic apparatus of the two secretariats that are responsible for most of the planned actions, in addition to a clear lack of interaction and articulation between the actors. Thus, it is concluded that there is a clear difference between the state capacities of public agencies, in addition to the lack of joint articulation between political and social actors that form obstacles to the effective implementation of the policy at the municipal level.