O impacto das mortes de jovens adultos por causas externas na variabilidade da idade à morte no Brasil de 2000 a 2020

Abstract

From 1940 onwards, there was a change in Brazil's morbidity and mortality profile, characterized by an abrupt drop in mortality, an increase in life expectancy, a drop in infant mortality and changes in the main causes of death, which would make the compressionrectangularization process possible to be observed in the country. However, even though the change in the Brazilian morbidity and mortality profile may have facilitated the possible occurrence of this process, premature deaths can act as a brake. Among the main causes of premature deaths worldwide are the so-called external causes, which represent an important portion of deaths. It is explained that external causes are the main causes that make up the demographic phenomenon of the mortality hump. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of deaths of young adults due to external causes on the variability of age at death in the Federative Units (UFs) of Brazil between 2000 and 2020. It is also intended to determine which causes of death are most contributed to excess mortality among young Brazilian adults and calculate measurements of location, extent and sizing of estimated mortality humps. As a result, it was observed that the estimated mortality rates for men are higher than those estimated for women. Among men, in general, it was observed that for the states of the North and Northeast there was a considerable increase in magnitude measurements between 2010 and 2020. For the states of the Southeast and South, the trend observed was an increase in these measurements between 2000 and 2010. For women, the variations in these measurements presented were smaller. The main causes of death observed among young adult men are violence and traffic accidents. Among women, the main causes of death observed among young adults are violence, traffic accidents and complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Through measures of variability in age at death, it was possible to conclude that if there was a disregard for the estimated mortality hump component, the interquartile distance of age at death (DIM) and the lowest age interval in which the concentration of 50% of deaths occurs (C50) would suffer reductions, accompanied by increases in the median age at death and in the standard deviation (DP) for both sexes and in all years. Despite this, it can be stated that a decrease in the variability of age at death is observed for Brazil in all states analyzed.