Influência de comorbidades materna no peso de prematuros internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity is a serious public health problem with multifactorial etiology, including maternal comorbidities. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which comorbidities have the greatest impact on birth weight and discharge of preterm newborns (PTNBs). Objective: To verify the weight of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) according to maternal comorbidities. Methods: This is a cohort study with 220 binomials, carried out at the Januário Cicco Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, between November 2021 and November 2023. PTNBs with low weight (< 2,500 g) were included and data on maternal comorbidities, gestational age, birth weight, and weight at discharge were collected, considering results with p < 0.05 as significant. Results: Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome (GHS) was the most frequent maternal comorbidity, present in almost 50% of the sample. Among the preterm infants, 20% were classified as extremely premature, 21.8% were born with extremely low birth weight and 73.1% were adequate for gestational age. There was a significant association between GHS and small for gestational age (SGA) infants (p = 0.001) and low birth weight at discharge of preterm infants (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Maternal comorbidities influence the weight of preterm infants admitted to the NICU. The presence of maternal GHS comorbidity was related to the birth of SGA infants and to the decline in nutritional status during hospitalization, resulting in low birth weight at discharge of preterm infants.