Como avaliar a disartria na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica: parâmetros e tipos de avaliação

Abstract

Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease that causes several declines. Among them we have dysarthria, defined as a disorder that affects the motor bases of speech: breathing, phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody. This disorder impairs communication through speech and leads to biopsychosocial damage for the patient. Objective: To identify the parameters and types of assessment to assess dysarthria in ALS. Method: Study of integrative literature review carried out in Lilacs, SciELO, Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria were: papers from studies on the assessment of dysarthria in ALS, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, available in full, from May 2015 to April 2020. Results: A total of 30 studies were found. Only 3 studies used a single type of dysarthria assessment. Most studies used more than one type of assessment ranging from 2 to 4. There were three types of assessment most used: acoustic assessment (23 studies), movement assessment (21 studies) auditory perceptual assessment (23), all with the purpose of evaluating the degree of speech intelligibility. Conclusion: The assessment of dysarthria in ALS needs to be performed in several parameters and by different types of assessment and instruments, as all the motor bases of speech are affected. The contribution of objective measures such as acoustic analysis and movement analysis are crucial to establish specific criteria for dysarthria in ALS.