Fatores que favorecem o desmame precoce de crianças nascidas pré-termo após alta hospitalar: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Breast milk is essential for baby feeding, since it is a complete nutrition providing nutrients for neonatal development and growth. In this context, early weaning can trigger dysfunctions in the stomatognathic system and subsequent deleterious habits, since the protrusion and retrusion movements made by the mandible to remove milk from the breast influence mandibular formation. The present study aims to investigate in scientific databases publications covering the factors that favor early weaning of preterm infants after hospital discharge. This is a bibliographic study of the integrative literature review type, carried out in PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (BVS MS), LILACS, MEDLINE and Periódicos CAPES/MEC, using the combination of descriptors "weaning", "breastfeeding", "preterm newborn", "pacifier", "bottle" and "artificial feeding", in English and Portuguese. The research was carried out from February to March 2021. The inclusion criteria included articles published in Portuguese and English, in the aforementioned databases, with themes that indicated factors for early weaning of preterm infants after hospital discharge. Exclusion criteria were review articles, articles without agreement with the descriptors used, and duplicate articles. A total of 227 scientific studies were found in the databases, and after going through the selection criteria, a final sample of 8 articles was obtained. From the data analysis it was concluded that the maternal justification of 'insufficient/dried milk' was the most prevalent and with the highest percentage. Other reasons found were difficulty in sucking the preterm infant, belief in the benefit of tea, need for water, initiation of bottle use, and introduction of pacifier. Cesarean delivery as a risk factor, parents' sociodemographic characteristics, SES factors (maternal education, unemployment benefits, social assistance, and household equivalent disposable income).