Produção de lipase por Aspergillus terreus em fermentação em estado sólido para aplicação em formulações cosméticas

Abstract

Lipases are enzymes belonging to the class of hydrolases that stand out in biotechnological experiments. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lipase from Aspergillus terreus produced and commercial Rhizopus oryzae as active ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Lipase was produced using the fungus Aspergillus terreus and olive oil as an inducing agent. Enzymatic activity was performed using the substrate p-nitrophenyl-palmitate (pNpp), and the produced lipase was immobilized by physical adsorption using silica gel as support. The enzymes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC), and safety evaluation through cytotoxicity tests using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. A central composite rotatable design was employed to find the best conditions for enzymatic cosmetic production. The enzyme produced by A. terreus showed activity of 375.9 U/g of substrate, and the immobilized enzyme showed 12.78 U/g of silica, while the lipase from R. oryzae showed activity of 69.91 U/g. As confirmed by FTIR and XRD, SEM showed weak enzyme interaction with silica during immobilization. TG/DSC showed greater stability for the immobilized A. terreus lipase and commercial R. oryzae lipase. Cytotoxicity tests showed that only the lipase produced by A. terreus was safe for NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. Tests to evaluate lipolytic performance at different temperatures showed that the optimal temperature for enzymatic activity is 37°C, and the optimal pH is 7.0. The central composite rotatable design showed that agitation time and enzyme concentration influenced the zeta potential response, but only agitation time influenced the enzyme activity response. According to the results, the enzyme produced by the fungus A. terreus is promising and safe for use in cosmetics.