Estudo da frequência da expressão de imunofenótipos aberrantes na leucemia linfóide aguda identificados no Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

The leukemias are initially categorized based on the cells predominantly involved in the leukemogenesis process (lymphoid or myeloid) and the maturity stage of these cells (acute or chronic). A good prognosis among Acute Lymphoid Leukemias (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AML) is of utmost importance for guiding treatment. In ALL, the detection of aberrant phenotypes is performed by identifying cells that exhibit abnormal patterns of B or T antigen expression, or the concomitant presence of myeloid antigens. Thus, approximately 30 to 50% of AMLs and ALLs express aberrant antigens. This study investigated the incidence of aberrant phenotypes (AP) in a sample composed of 192 patients of both sexes, without age restriction, diagnosed with ALL between the years 2004 and 2011. The analysis was conducted through flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI), using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against B cells and their precursors, T cells and their precursors, as well as myeloid differentiation antigens. The results revealed that the myeloid antigens sCD13, cCD13, and CD33 were the most common, particularly in cases of B lineage ALLs and in the FAB L1 morphological subtype. The aim of this study was to identify APs, describe their frequencies, and establish correlations between the results obtained, demographic data, and cytomorphological subtypes.