Estudo sobre a capacidade antioxidante total e ingestão de polifenóis da dieta de indivíduos com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder associated with alterations in components included in its diagnosis, namely triglycerides (TG), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods, play a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role, being essential in modulating key mechanisms of MetS pathophysiology. Studies suggest that dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) are associated with improved metabolic profiles in different populations. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between DTAC, DPI, and their main classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans) with the components of MetS, as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker of inflammation, in adults and older adults diagnosed with MetS. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 224 individuals with MetS of both sexes, recruited from the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic at Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN. Questionnaires were applied to collect population characterization data, along with two 24-hour dietary recalls (24h-R), blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, and biochemical analyses. DTAC was estimated using published data based on the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) analytical method. DPI was estimated using data from the literature and databases such as Phenol-Explorer and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Binary logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between DTAC and DPI and TG, BP, WC, FG, HDL-c, and hsCRP. Coffee was the main source of both DTAC and DPI. The classes that contributed most to total polyphenol intake were phenolic acids and flavonoids. Higher DTAC, total polyphenol, and phenolic acid intake were protective factors against elevated hs-CRP concentrations (OR=0.24; 95% CI 0.07–0.70; OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.08–0.74; OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.08–0.74, respectively). Additionally, flavonoid intake emerged as a protective factor against lower HDL-c concentrations (OR=0.35; 95% CI 0.13–0.88). In conclusion, higher intake of DTAC, total polyphenols, and their classes was associated with a more favorable inflammatory profile and better HDL-c concentrations in individuals with MetS, suggesting a potential protective effect against chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia. Further studies should be conducted considering MetS phenotypes and more comprehensive databases aligned with the regional characteristics of dietary consumption.