Efeito de recurso audiovisual na ansiedade de pacientes em pré-operatório de revascularização miocárdica: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Introduction: In the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, surgical revascularization is effective but can generate anxiety in the patient. Audiovisual resources have been used as non-pharmacological interventions to manage preoperative anxiety, improving the patient's healthcare experience. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an audiovisual resource on preoperative anxiety management in myocardial revascularization. Method: This study was a randomized clinical trial, with data collection carried out at a private hospital in Natal, from February to December 2021. The sample was divided into two groups, each containing 22 participants. The study used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and is registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) under the number RBR-24c5qwm. Descriptive statistics were used for independent and dependent variables. Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare the results. A significance level of 5% was adopted throughout the study, where p=0.05. Results: Sample of 44 individuals: 68.18% male, 31.82% female; prevalent age >60 years 59.09%; 50% had elementary education; women exhibited higher initial IDATE-E and IDATE-T anxiety (p<0.05). Preoperative instructions significantly reduced anxiety (initial IDATE-E and IDATE-T with p<0.05, as well as final IDATE-T). Discussions: Clinical trials confirm that despite men being the majority in cardiac surgery queues, women are more anxious. However, as seen in the results of this study, preoperative guidance by healthcare professionals reduces anxiety and increases confidence, resulting in decreased anxiety and shorter hospital stays. Audiovisual media showed an effect in reducing pre-surgery stress and anxiety. Conclusions: The use of audiovisual resources has an effect on preoperative anxiety management in myocardial revascularization patients.