Perfil das reações de náuseas e vômitos com os protocolos terapêuticos utilizados em pacientes oncológicos

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the profile of nausea and vomiting reactions with the therapeutic protocols used by cancer patients. METHOD: This is a descriptive, longitudinal study, with a quali-quantitative approach, carried out at the Oncoclínica São Marcos in Natal-RN. Pharmaceutical anamnesis from February 2016 to December 2018 was analyzed. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and expressed in frequency. The SOBRAFO Guide for Notification of Adverse Reactions in Oncology was used to select and grade gastrointestinal reactions. The study was approved by the CEP, CAAE 03204618.2.00005292. RESULTS: We interviewed 355 patients who presented 952 gastrointestinal alterations, recurrent or not, 53.7% of which were nausea and vomiting. Related to reactions, of the 298 treatments analyzed, the most frequent protocols were; Carboplatin + Paclitaxel with 8.8% and Cyclophosphamide + Doxorubicin 5.9%. Severe reports amounted to 7.6% (n=72), with Fluorouracil (Mayo Clinic) 12.0% and Cisplatin + Gemcitabine 8.0% being the most frequent. Furthermore, antiemetic therapies related to pre chemotherapy were quantified and the association Ondansetron + Dexamethasone was more frequently registered with 42.0% (n=107) of the reports, followed by Ondansetron alone with 32.9% (n=84). CONCLUSIONS: Nausea and vomiting reactions were the most frequent in this group of patients. The protocol with the highest severity of ADRs was Fluorouracil (Mayo Clinic) and the one with the highest incidence of use was Carboplatin + Paclitaxel