Burnout, regulação emocional e condições de trabalho em residentes multiprofissionais em saúde do Brasil: um estudo transversal

Abstract

This cross-sectional and quantitative study aimed to analyze emotional aspects and their relationship with burnout among resident professionals working in various programs and contexts of Multiprofessional Health Residencies in Brazil. A total of 367 residents participated, with a mean age of 27.3 years (SD = 4.76), recruited in 2024 through an online form. The materials and instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for descriptive and inferential analyses. The results indicated a prevalence of burnout processes in 22.1% of the sample, with moderate levels of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) and low levels of personal accomplishment (PA). Additionally, differences were observed across burnout dimensions based on weekly practical and study workload, residency year and type, and the presence of psychiatric disorders. Relationships were found between emotion regulation strategies, burnout dimensions, emotional dysregulation, and workload. Higher levels of EE and DP also demonstrated impacts on emotion regulation capacities. Furthermore, the predictive model for emotional dysregulation indicated explanatory value from burnout dimensions and regulation strategies, while the predictive models for burnout dimensions highlighted the impact of working conditions, workload, quality of the relationship with the preceptor/tutor, and emotion regulation strategies. It is discussed that burnout among residents is related to multiple factors, particularly precarious and exhausting working conditions. It is concluded that reforms in Multiprofessional Health Residencies programs and interventions focused on mental health are essential to mitigate the health deterioration of these professionals.