Cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio: scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases represent the main cause of global mortality, with emphasis on Cardiovascular Diseases, which account for 45% of deaths related to Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. In Brazil, Coronary Artery Disease is the leading cause of death, frequently treated by Myocardial Revascularization Surgery. This technique, considered the gold standard for the definitive treatment of Coronary Artery Disease, requires specific and rigorous care in the immediate postoperative period, performed in Intensive Care Units, due to its complexity and associated risks. Nursing plays a central role in this context, monitoring vital signs, promoting hemodynamic stability and preventing complications, with a direct impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients. Objective: to map the nursing care provided in the immediate postoperative period of Myocardial Revascularization Surgery. Method: this is a scoping review conducted according to the JBI Reviewer’s Manual (2020) and guided by the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (2018). The research question was structured with the mnemonic PCC: Population (patients undergoing Myocardial Revascularization Surgery), Concept (nursing care), and Context (immediate postoperative period). The search included databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and LILACS, as well as gray literature, with no restrictions on language or publication period. After screening 14,633 studies, eight comprised the final sample. The data were organized and analyzed descriptively. Results: of the eight studies included, the majority were of Brazilian origin (75%) and published in Portuguese (75%). Integrative literature reviews (50%) and descriptive-exploratory methods (12.5%) stood out. The most frequently mentioned nursing care measures were cardiovascular and respiratory monitoring (62.5% each), pain control (50%), infection prevention, and blood glucose control. Interventions related to hemodynamic stability, fluid and electrolyte balance, tissue integrity, and psychological support were also mentioned. Conclusion: Nursing care in the immediate postoperative period of Myocardial Revascularization Surgery is crucial to ensure patient safety and recovery. Continuous monitoring, control of complications, and specific evidence-based interventions are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Future studies can explore innovative approaches and validation of protocols that support nursing practice in this area.