Avaliação da resposta bioquímica e potencial biotecnológico Lemna aequinoctialis em ambiente de microgravidade simulada

Abstract

Understanding the effects of microgravity on plants is still limited, with observed responses varying among different plant species and conditions used. This study investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on Lemna aequinoctialis, a plant from the subfamily Lemnoideae, important for bioremediation and animal feed. Using a 2D clinostat to simulate microgravity, the plants were exposed to different rotations (15, 30, 45 rpm) for 2 and 4 hours, along with a control (0 rpm). Plant development was monitored at 0, 5, and 10 days after treatment. Biochemical analyses were conducted to measure protein content, total antioxidant capacity (CAT), reducing power, phenolic compounds, and catalase enzyme activity. The results showed that simulated microgravity significantly increased antioxidant markers and protein content. CAT and reducing power increased up to three times, especially after 4 hours of treatment. The 45 rpm rotation for 2 hours resulted in increases in phenolic compounds on days 5 and 10, while the 30 rpm rotation for 4 hours was notable on day 0. Catalase activity was higher with 30 rpm in both durations on day 10. Protein content increased up to seven times with 45 rpm for 2 hours. These findings suggest that simulated microgravity can enhance the nutritional profile of L. aequinoctialis, boosting its biotechnological applications in sustainable food production and bioremediation. This study advances the understanding of the mechanisms involved in L. aequinoctialis' response to microgravity.