Sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte entre 1980 e 2016

Abstract

Micro and Small Enterprises (MPEs) play a key role in the Brazilian economy in generating employment and income for the economically active population in a sustainable way, as well as leveraging the economy. The conception and extinction of these companies has a significant impact on the economy and, especially, on the formalization of the working-age population. This research proposes an analysis of the closed population (migration absence) of the MPEs by cohort (generation) with regard to the constitution (birth) and extinction (death) between 1980 and 2016 in the Rio Grande do Norte state (RN). Based in the collected data at the Commercial Council the State of Rio Grande do Norte(JUCERN), mortality tables were calculated for several generations of companies constituted between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2016 by size and industry. Differences of level and standard of companies‟ mortality / survival were verified by size and industry. Was observed that the increase in the participation of Individual Microentrepreneurs (MEIs) in the total number of incorporated companies, although it has the effect of reducing the number of informal businesses, may have some negative effect on the survival probability of others MPEs, including those more consolidated. The results also point an increase in the probability of death of older cohort companies, in other words, with greater stability in the corporate market, and higher levels of mortality in the first years for more recent cohorts. This increase in the mortality of MPEs occurs in the same period in which the demographic dynamics of Rio Grande do Norte favors a greater part of the population of active age in relation to the young and old population, a phenomenon known as demographic bonus. The results of this study contribute significantly to the knowledge of the survival levels and patterns of the companies in the RN, pointing out possible causes and consequences for the average life time for different types and sizes of enterprises. On the other hand, this study points the need for more specific and better quality data, so that the analyzes serve as subsidies for new ventures.