O som que chega ao barro: desempenho acústico em edificações de terra

Abstract

The use of earth as a building material is an ancient practice that offers ecological and thermal advantages, such as humidity control and the ability to reduce noise pollution. However, despite these qualities, the literature on the acoustic performance of earth constructions, especially in the Brazilian context, remains limited. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating the acoustic behavior of different earth-based construction systems. The dissertation aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN's 2030 Agenda, particularly those related to Sustainable Cities and Communities and Good Health and Well-being, addressing both environmental sustainability and the impact of noise pollution on health. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the acoustic performance of homes built with earth construction systems in the Metropolitan Region of Natal, focusing on how these systems contribute to sustainability and environmental comfort. The research adopts a qualitative and applied approach, including a literature review, selection and evaluation of case studies, data collection through acoustic measurements and resident interviews, as well as simulations and theoretical calculations. To achieve its objectives, the study analyzed measurements, calculations, and simulations of superadobe and rammed earth systems. The analysis of five case studies demonstrated that, despite structural and finishing variations in the constructions, all earth construction systems showed significant potential for acoustic insulation. This assessment was based on the parameters of NBR 15.575 (ABNT, 2021), the Brazilian performance standard. Calculations and simulations were essential for achieving a more comprehensive analysis. Interviews with residents revealed a consensus that acoustic comfort is associated with the absence of unpleasant sounds, highlighting the impact of past experiences on choosing constructions that promote tranquility and well-being, elements further emphasized by the integration of the senses in environmental perception.