Monitoramento de redes hídricas: uma abordagem baseada em observabilidade e Filtro de Kalman

Abstract

This work addresses the application of observability theory in Water Distribution Networks (WDN), focusing on the development of a methodology for their monitoring, using the EPANET software as the main tool. The proposal aims to optimize sensor placement to support the detection of anomalies, such as leaks and blockages, with the lowest operational cost and the highest possible efficiency. The introduction highlights the relevance of sustainable water resource management in scarcity contexts, emphasizing the impact of water crises on well-being and economic development. The use of EPANET, a free and widely recognized tool for modeling and simulating hydraulic systems, is explored as a basis for implementing monitoring and control strategies. The methodology follows the Design Science Research (DSR) paradigm, proposing an artifact that applies observability concepts to monitor water networks based on partial measurements. During development, EPANET was compared with OpenFlows WaterCAD and chosen due to its accessibility, zero cost, and versatile features for detailed simulation of pressurized networks. The monitoring artifact showed good results after being tested on a simulated WDN, such as accurately tracking dynamic oscillations in pressurized networks, optimizing the number of sensors needed to infer the entire network state, and demonstrating superiority compared to another monitoring model in terms of minimizing sensor usage.