Assentamentos informais e sistema de espaços livres: propostas conceituais de integração urbana na RA Leste de Natal

Abstract

The favelas are urban agglomerations of informal origin, predominantly formed by dense housing occupations, where the technique of self-construction is evident. Through much internal struggle and resistance, they have been seen as complex, heterogeneous localities, cradles of numerous popular cultures, characterized by strong sociability among residents and a significant appropriation of public spaces. In the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, according to the last Local Plan for Social Interest Housing of 2013, 70 "precarious settlements" were identified. However, over time, it seems that these numbers may be imprecise until there is a serious survey accompanied by intense fieldwork, with social participation, followed by a rigorous classification of these settlements. In this context, the present work aims to focus on some informal settlements in the Administrative Region (AR) East of Natal, which constitutes not only the initial core of occupation and expansion, formed by the neighborhoods of Cidade Alta and Ribeira, but also the origins and expansion of informality. The work, based on the assumption that informal settlements are generally considered true urban enclaves, has the general objective of developing a conceptual proposal for urbanization through a system of open spaces, considering the scale of regional urban insertion of the settlements in the study universe. To do so, we seek to understand the scales of integration with the formal urban fabric of the city of AEIS Passo da Pátria, AEIS Brasília Teimosa, as well as the communities of Vietnã, Jacó, and Escadaria, based on the typomorphology and accessibility methodology to favelas from the Fabiana Izaga team (2022); in addition to the survey and preliminary classification according to Tardin (2008) of 165 public open spaces in the AR East, with the purpose of developing a conceptual proposal for urbanization through a system of open spaces considering the intra-urban scale, and in order to physically integrate the studied communities, ensure their access to quality infrastructure, social development, and help promote their permanence in their respective territories.