A secular feminização do magistério e a profissionalização certificada da mulher potiguar nos cursos normais regionais (1946-1971)

Abstract

The present work aims to understand to what extent the feminization of female education was included for a certified professionalization of Regional Normal Courses in the movement of internalization of teacher training in Rio Grande do Norte. This discussion involves the processes initiated since the 19th century, which got strengthened along the 20th century, and could not be left aside, granting the study a timeframe that goes from 1827 to 1971. This research talks about the history of education with the focus on female history, being configured on the assumptions of the New History. Methodologically, the research started from a bibliographical research in which we dialogue with the studies of Safiotti (1976), Almeida (1998; 2007; 2014), Louro (2009; 2014), Stamatto (2002; 2020), Aquino (2007), Garcia (2008), Magalhães (2004), Saviani (2007) in order to understand this socio-educational overview that involves the theme. In addition, we developed a documentary analysis in the light of the works of Le Goff (2013) and Foucault (2004). The sources used include legislation both in the national and regional context; statistical yearbooks of the Brazilian Institute of Statistical Geography (IBGE); reports and speeches by provincial presidents, as well as government messages from Rio Grande do Norte; newspapers, such as: A Folha, Diário de Natal, O Poti, A República; works that already dealt with the central theme; photographs; in addition to school documents. In this way, in order to achieve the objective it was necessary, firstly to discuss and reflect about the process of feminization of teaching and institutionalization of the normal teaching, and, to that end, identify how both movements, related to the dissemination of Normal Regional Courses in RN fomented the women’s profissionalization. The study carried out in the context of an important configuration, inserted in the presence of women in the role of primary teachers, the training courses for selected teachers, are as real possibilities for women to access a certified professionalization.