Pesca artesanal de lagosta a partir da comunidade de Cajueiro-Touros/RN: impactos econômicos e socioambientais

Abstract

In this next year (2022) that the United Nations Organization has declared as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, lobster fishing in Brazil reflects the negative impacts that the Covid 19 Pandemic is leaving around the world. In the case of Brazil, in 2019, the pre-pandemic period, lobster production was 3,026,463 kg, in 2020, during the pandemic, it presented a negative variation of 11.4%, producing 2,680,798 kg. Added to the consequences of advances in this sector, some problems have been observed, such as a reduction of 80% of fish stocks over the last few years, and an increase in the fleet of vessels involved, totaling 2,900 vessels and an increase in the population of fishermen directly involved in the production chain of lobster, number of 15,000 fishermen. Therefore, the capture effort tends to increase, and along with these efforts, fishing tackle has been one of the main material investments to guarantee the capture of lobster, triggering unprecedented socio-environmental impacts, plus new aggravating factors, such as the 2019 oil spill and the Covid Pandemic 19, since March 2020, having systematically contributed to increasing the social vulnerability of artisanal lobster fishermen. Given this scenario, through bibliographic reviews of narratives, snowball research, semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and participant observation, this work seeks to analyze the such as the 2019 Oil Spill and the Covid 19 Pandemic since March 2020, having systematically contributed to increasing the social vulnerability of artisanal lobster fishermen. Given this scenario, through bibliographic reviews of narratives, snowball research, semi- structured questionnaires, interviews and participant observation, this work seeks to analyze the such as the 2019 Oil Spill and the Covid 19 Pandemic since March 2020, having systematically contributed to increasing the social vulnerability of artisanal lobster fishermen. Given this scenario, through bibliographic reviews of narratives, snowball research, semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and participant observation, this work seeks to analyze the economic and socio-environmental impacts of lobster fishing from the Cajueiro-Touros/RN community and the consequences of covid-19 in this activity, demanding a characterization of lobster fishing and the social and economic profile of lobster fishermen in the Cajueiro community in Touros /RN; describing, also, the contribution of the Brazilian northeast in the export of lobster, having the community of Cajueiro, Touros, RN, as part of this productive chain of artisanal lobster fishing; further identifying the new aggravating factors to the social vulnerability of lobster fishermen in the face of the closed season (annual), oil spill and the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude that the Brazilian northeast plays an important role in the lobster capture and export process. And that artisanal lobster fishing comes with living with structural changes in its chain, added to new aggravations resulting from anthropogenic disasters, triggering an increase in the social vulnerability of these fishermen, especially in times of Pandemic of Covid 19.