Impactos dos eventos de El Niño e La Niña fortes no regime de precipitação no Nordeste brasileiro: uma revisão

Abstract

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a phenomenon associated with the anomalous behavior of the sea surface temperature (SST) over the Pacific Ocean. The anomalous change in the SST in the Pacific basin affects the atmospheric circulation causing impacts on the weather and climate of the entire globe. ENSO episodes can be graded from “weak” to “very strong” using the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). The Brazilian Northeast (NEB) is one of the regions that presents changes in its precipitation regime, mainly in years of occurrence of the warm phase of the ENSO (El Niño), where the modification in the atmospheric circulation caused by the occurrence of the event leads to dry conditions for the NEB region. However, not all El Niño episodes are associated with drought. On the other hand, the ENSO cold phase (La Niña) presents favorable conditions for the occurrence of precipitation over the NEB. In view of the strong connection between the ENSO event and the precipitation regime over the NEB, the objective of this study was to review the literature of studies that relate episodes (hot and cold) considered strong and very strong with the impact on the precipitation regime over the NEB. the NEB. The review found studies that evaluated a set of events jointly, without bringing the particularities of each event, in a milder way. As well as studies that relate the warm phase of the ENSO event (El Niño) with the NEB precipitation regime. The cold phase of ENSO (La Niña), related to precipitation in the NEB, is still poorly addressed. It is suggested that individual studies on each event be carried out to assess the social, climatic and economic impacts and that both phases of the event are effectively addressed.