Ascensão e crise do neoliberalismo: discutindo o subdesenvolvimento na América do Sul

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to carry out a historical and empirical analysis of the rise and crisis of neoliberalism in South America, as well as the attempt to overcome it through interventions that are conventionally called neo-developmentalist experiences in the region. For the proposed objective, the countries of South America were selected, where the rise and the crisis of neoliberalism were significant, such as: in Brazil, Argentina, in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and Venezuela. From these specific cases of adoption of neoliberal ideology in South America and based on a vast bibliographic consultation and in several databases, periodicals and websites, it was possible to deepen the analysis of a proposal registering the overcoming of neoliberalism in the region and the attempt to replace it with neo-developmentalism, with the exception of Peru and Colombia that remained under the aegis of neoliberal conceptions. As can be seen, the new development still need to archive several advances in industrialization, in the strength of the internal market and for the search for the domain and development of new technologies so it won’t remain on the sidelines of the current domain of forces. Furthermore, the model implemented in the region from the end of the 1990s and beginning of the decade has suffred setbacks but the new steps that were taken continue to be a reference for restarting, in a higher stage of development, the South America economies. Among these advances, an important reduction in poverty and an increase in the social inclusion, a paradigm shift in the countries of the continent on the international scene, greater integration, as well as the end of the privatization processes of strategic companies, maintained as points of their transformation.