Significados da gravidez revelados por mulheres em situação de rua com base na História Oral

Abstract

Introduction: Prenatal care has the ability to contribute to the health and prevention of maternal-fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. In the context of vulnerability in which the Homeless Population is inserted, pregnancy becomes a moment in which specific health care is needed, which in its absence negatively impacts the life of the mother and the fetus. Objective: Understand the meanings revealed by women about the pregnancy experienced in a street situation, based on Oral History. Methods: This is a qualitative research based on Oral History, in the thematic modality. The population consisted of four women who experienced pregnancy in a street situation. Data collection took place between September 2012 and January 2022 through a sociodemographic questionnaire and a thematic interview Oral History. The research were developed in public places used by homeless people and at Casa Lumen São Felipe Neri, a Foster home for homeless women located in the city of Natal- RN. Data analysis followed the assumptions of the Oral History associated with the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. This research project was submitted to the UFRN Research Ethics Committee, being approved with report number 4,908,889 and CAAE 48035521.3.0000.5568. Results: From the analysis of the corpus produced, four thematic axes were identified: Thematic Axis 1: The representation of the streets: raw reality; Category 1: The difficulties and challenges of everyday life on the streets; Category 2: Family: the pain of broken ties; Category 3: Desires and possibilities of life away from the streets. Thematic Axis 2: The perception of vulnerability in the reality of street pregnancy; Category 1: The (un)desired pregnancy and the difficulties in experiencing it in the context of the streets; Category 2: The attempt to build new family bonds: threats and adversities from the streets. Thematic Axis 3: The realization of social (in)visibility in the rights to health care; Category 1: (Mis)Care of health professionals in the monitoring of homeless pregnant women; Category 2: Negligence and Invisibility. Thematic Axis 4: Attitudes to face the unpleasantness of the streets; Category 1: Substance use: avoidance and addiction; Category 2: Solidarity and spirituality to survival on the streets. Conclusion: The Oral History in the thematic modality revealed that the interviewees attribute as meanings to pregnancy in the context of the streets: surprise, joy, fear, sadness, insecurity, concern, accountability, difficulty in interrupting the use of psychoactive substances, need for life change, suffering, recognition of vulnerability, invisibility, lack of perspective and hope. This study allowed us to understand that the meanings are multiple, complex, marked by relationships of abandonment and lack of perspective and that, despite this, women are able to give new meaning to the adversities of the streets.