O contexto dos acidentes com exposição a materiais biológicos na equipe de enfermagem e a interface com os aspectos organizacionais

Abstract

Health professionals are exposed to biological hazards in their work environment and accidents with sharps contribute greatly to their aggravation, causing physical, social and economic damage as well. To reduce this impact, qualified and effective service is required. The precise number of infections caused by these events is still unknown due to the scarcity of systematized surveillance data and underreporting. Objective: To analyze the accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in a municipal hospital in Natal / RN. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 139 subjects of the nursing team. a public hospital in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, through the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions, with confections of the descriptive tables and application of statistical tests being carried out in SPSS software, version 25.0.Results: Of the study participants, 68 professionals were victims of accidents with biological materials (50%), in which 90% were female, and 74% belonged to the category of nursing technician, accidents occurred more frequently due to percutaneous injury (57.38%), , the main fluid involved was blood (72.13%) and the main circumstance involved administration of drugs (21.88%). Most of the professionals attributed the fatality (68.18%) as a cause of the accident, a significant number of subjects were discharged per patient, negative source (79.49%), and the percentage of discharged with seroconversion was 10.26%. The underreporting rate was considered low (20.59%). Although most received training, not all responded correctly to post-accident behavior. Conclusion: It becomes evident the need for organizational changes, permanent education programs with reflexive critical capacities to change professional praxis. The technical product of the research was the elaboration of a flow chart focused on the reality, adapted to the protocol of the institution and easily accessible, that aims to guide the injured professional to guarantee a standardized assistance in accordance with the current regulations.