Efeito dos exercícios na qualidade de vida e na sobrecarga afetiva de cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência intelectual: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: It is estimated that there are approximately 785 million people with some type of disability globally, representing 15.6% of the world population, about 1.2% of the population, have intellectual disabilities. This disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. All these limitations have an important impact on autonomy and independence, requiring the constant presence of a caregiver who plays an important role in helping these people in their daily activities. Studies have shown important implications for the health and quality of life of the caregiver, with the most frequent physical and emotional symptoms, such as anxiety, stress, change in emotional state, cardiovascular problems, reduction or increase in body weight and spine problems. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze what is the effect of physical exercises on the quality of life and on the effective burden of caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities? Methods: This is a systematic review according to the Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines and main items for reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, Protocols (PRISMA-P). The protocol was registered in the international prospective, systematic reviews registry (PRISMA-P), registration number: CRD42022339145. Searches for studies were performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science direct, Bireme, SportDiscus, and google scholar (advanced). The search strategy was composed of terms and key words based on health descriptors (DESC) and Medical Subject Headings (MESH). The eligibility criteria were: randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-randomized trials, with the participation of adult caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities of both genders, without language and year restrictions. Types of Interventions: Studies that include interventions with physical exercise (e.g. aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and multi-component exercise program, pilates, yoga, etc). The included study was analyzed within at least 4 weeks of intervention. Results: The article included in the sample concludes that clinical pilates exercises are effective and applicable for primary caregivers of children with special needs. Despite this finding it is unacceptable to consider the result definitive to delineate a clarification and, it is imperative that further investigations are done to elucidate these answers. Conclusion: There are few studies focused on this population, and comparative researches between the affective/emotional overload of caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities and the effects of physical exercise are limited. The current evidence does not show effective referrals of exercises and interventions to promote active life to improve the quality of life and reduce the affective burden of caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities.