Associação do status de vitamina D e risco cardiovascular em pacientes com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. It is estimated that individuals with metabolic syndrome are three times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality. Vitamin D has shown multiple pathophysiological mechanisms that suggest an involvement of this vitamin in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the association between vitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with metabolic syndrome, using the Framingham Risk Score. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 161 individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, according to criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III, of both sexes, recruited at the e Endocrinology Clinic of Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical analyzes were performed, including serum concentration of 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient < 20 ng/mL; insufficient ≤ 29 ng/mL and sufficient ≥ 30 ng/mL. The absolute risk of developing cardiovascular disease was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score. In addition, information about smoking and medication use was obtained. Among the participants, 128 (79,5%) were female, with a mean age of 45 (9,3) years. It was observed that there was no association between the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and vitamin D status in individuals with metabolic syndrome (p>0,05). As for the concentration of 25(OH)D, a median of 29,7 (21-34) ng/mL was observed, indicating insufficient 25(OH)D status in the population (less than 30 ng/mL). In conclusion, we demonstrated that there was no association between vitamin D and increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and that most individuals had vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. These results reinforce the importance of clinical monitoring to prevent the impacts of hypovitaminosis D in patients with metabolic syndrome.