Território, população e políticas urbanas: uma análise da relação entre alterações na situação do domicílio e mudanças na distribuição espacial da população, nos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Discussions about definitions in relation to the theme of urban and rural spaces are too vast and dense in the literature. As diverse as the countless approaches found are the sciences that cross this debate, endowing the discussions involving these concepts with great complexity. The division between rural and urban population carried out by the IBGE considers the home situation of the census sectors in which the population resides, which in turn is classified according to the urban perimeter demarcated by municipal law. Municipalities can make changes to this urban perimeter either by specific law or by means of the master plan, and have gained more autonomy to carry out such changes with the norms of law 10.257 of 2001, known as the City Statute, which establishes general guidelines for the city. urban politics. The delimitation of the urban perimeter, in addition to the distribution of the population between urban and rural, also directly implies the mechanisms of municipal collection, which provokes stimuli caused by taxation to alter urban perimeters. When combining data from the MUNIC Survey 2015 and the Demographic Censuses of 2000 and 2010, it is observed that the municipalities that changed the law of the urban perimeter as an integral part of the Master Plan, between 2000 and 2010, had a proportional average growth of the urban population 12.5% in this decade. And those who changed their urban perimeter through specific legislation correspond to a proportional average growth of 3.7% of the urban population, while those who did not change their urban perimeter had only 2.6% of proportional average growth of the urban population, in this same period. Given the above, it is hypothesized that, due to politicaladministrative factors, changes in urban perimeter and changes in the situation of the home may not be accompanied by changes in the spatial distribution of the intra-urban population, as well as the expansion of the urban area and changes in land use, which justify such changes. In order to investigate these possible relationships, the objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between variations in the household situation and changes in the spatial distribution of the population, in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. For this purpose, dasimetric mapping methods were used, which consist of the use of interpolation techniques, in addition to satellite images, for the disaggregation of data from administrative space units, for continuous space. In addition to the analysis of the spatial distribution of the population, the dasimetric mappings served as a basis, in a second moment, for the calculation of inter-census and post-census estimates at the level of the census sectors of the cities targeted by the research, with the objective of establishing parameters that demonstrate the relationship between changes in the household situation and changes in the spatial distribution of the population.